Inhibition of sodium hypochlorite antimicrobial activity in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Pappen FG, Qian W, Aleksejuniene J, Leonardo RD, Leonardo MR, Haapasalo M. Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentine: an in vitro study.

Haapasalo HK, Siren EK, Waltimo TMT, Orstavik D, Haapasalo MPP.

The susceptibility of starved, stationary phase, and growing cells of Enterococcus faecalis to endodontic medicaments. Portenier I, Waltimo T, Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. Tissue-dissolving capacity and antibacterial effect of buffered and unbuffered hypochlorite solutions. Zehnder M, Kosicki D, Luder H, Sener B, Waltimo T. Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. 2009 35(7):1056–9.Įstrela C, Estrela CR, Barbin EL, Spano JC, Marchesan MA, Pecora JD. Effects of root canal preparation on apical geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography. Reduction of intracanal bacteria using nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation and various medications. Shuping GB, Orstavik D, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. Microbiological basis for endodontic treatment: can a maximal outcome be achieved in one visit? Endodontic Topics. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. In this review, potential complementary irrigation solutions are discussed along with adjunctive irrigation techniques for safer and more effective delivery of the irrigation aiming to perfect disinfection of root canal. Moreover, its toxicity is detrimental when extruded beyond the apex. However, it still falls short of completely rendering root canal bacteria free. To date, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains the gold standard of endodontic irrigants, due to its tissue dissolving capacity exhibited by no other. The new direction has been toward developing a reliable delivery system to ensure thorough disinfection to the inaccessible areas of the root canal system such as passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP Endo finisher, Endo Vac, and Gentlewave. Irrigation issues to discuss are not merely centered on which antimicrobial solution to use, but also its method of delivery, preferably to all parts of the complex anatomy of root canals, bearing in mind the complex features of the offending microbial biofilm. It also discusses in depth the most widely used endodontic irrigants, their antimicrobial efficacy, safety, advantages, and disadvantages. This review shed the light on the culturing techniques shortcomings and the complexity of the root canal infection both anatomically and microbiologically. The purpose of this chapter was to review progress in the endodontic irrigation and advances in disinfection process and their clinical implication.

Sodium hypo dental endo